Incorporating cattle into restoration treatments at a Northern Arizona RestoreNet site

Cattle inside a grazing enclosure at the Bar T Bar Ranch RestoreNet site in Northern Arizona. The cattle were allowed to graze on hay and vegetation in the enclosure for 5-6 hours after implementing seeding and restoration treatments (direct seeding, seedballs, soil pits, and live topsoil inoculation) in the hopes that they will increase seeding success by increasing seed-soil contact, create micrography, and add nutrients through excrement. Photo by Laura Shriver.